fruit tree grafting compatibility chart

Here in IL Ive grafted Asian plum to European most successfully. Impressive. Produces abundant red and white fruit; excellent fruit for wildlife; suitable for humans as well, especially good for jams, preserves, and jelly. Prunus cerasifera x Prunus persica: Krymsk 86 Unfortunately for the backyard gardener, that means we cannot save seed and grow more plants. The exact time of year when it is ideal to graft varies with the specific grafts you are doing as well as the temperature, so it is best to look up your specific locations and plants before beginning to graft. No problem grafting a scion from his apple onto mine, right? Prunus laurocerasus: Cherry Laurel http://ucanr.edu/datastoreFiles/391-472.pdf, Rootstocks for the Oriental Persimmon From my 150-n-1 tree, so far, after 8 years, all of the European plums grafted to Hollywood Plum have been long lasting and vigorous. Planting: Grow apple trees in a nice sunny location with nice well-draining soil and good airflow. are Hours: M-F,8 a.m. to5 p.m. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Adara or Puente, a myrobalan selection, was developed in Spain and is graft compatible with many sweet cherry cultivars while being graft compatible with Asian and European plums as well. While planting, keep roots damp and irrigate after planting. The tree size is equivalent to Gisela 6 and has good anchorage and tolerance of heavy soils. Fruit tree finder - search for fruit trees using 50+ attributes Push the two together firmly to insure a snug fit and good contact. You can learn more about which will work, and which will not, in this article. Fact sheet written by William G. Lord, UNH Extension Fruit Specialist, Emeritus and Amy Ouellette, Agricultural Resources Educator Updated and revised March 2017 by Becky Sideman, UNH Cooperative Extension Professor & Specialist, Copyright 2023, University of New Hampshire. ROOTSTOCK, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjshs1925/71/6/71_6_730/_article, https://www.jircas.go.jp/lo/file/8051/download?token=YOmO141n, http://www.goodfruit.com/armillaria-resistance-explored/. The mini-rootstocks are then separated from the stool bed and grown on their own until they are shipped away to nurseries to be grafted to scions. There are many different types of grafting (see links at end of article for more info), including: Cleft grafting is a common technique used to change the variety of a tree or add a new variety onto an existing tree. http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1979-39-5-notes-on-persimmons-kakis-date-plums-and-chapotes.pdf, Kaki vs Lotus Rootstock for Fuyu Persimmon This list could get really long. 13, 14 and 15). I hope Im not limited to a certain number of edits because I will be coming back and forth to this for a while I imagine. Its not too late! Prunus cerasifera x Prunus salicina: Myrobalan GF 31 Can toy/ dry clay be used as an alternative to grafting wax? Main rootstock used in California because it is resistant to root-knot nematode and is compatible with peach, nectarine and plum. They are absolute beasts on callery rootstock, at least 100% normal size. And sometimes that's true. Malus x ranetka: Ranetka Apple, Prunus The best part of Pinterest is discovering new things and ideas from people around the world. The home vegetable garden is an ideal place to grow these trees out for a year or two until they are large enough to plant out in their permanent location. Some plants are even compatible with closely related species outside the genus; pears are sometimes grafted onto quince rootstocks, for example. ).3 This POP Blog Post prepared by 2019-20 POP Intern Bethany Bronkema with assistance from POP staff Alyssa Schimmel and Phil Forsyth. Malus sargentii: Sargents Crabapple, Roselow Sargents Crab Apple So, getting the scionwood seems straight forward, right? Maxma 14 is also tolerant of a range of soil types and environmental conditions. The first step in cleft grafting is to prepare the older tree for top-working. Raintree Nursery puts all their multi-plum grafts onto peach root. Trees grow vigorously; slightly dwarfing; tolerates wet soils; cultivar is propagated vegetatively by hardwood cuttings. Thanks for using my Prunus besseyi experiment from 4 years ago! Why do we kill some animals but not others? Alternatively, individual branches within an older tree can be top-worked using this same technique. Prunus cerasifera x Prunus salicina fruit tree grafting in 7 steps. Even compatibility was overcome initially, the apple would out-compete the quince long-term. 3). Yakima (European) to Methley. https://krymskrootstock.com/krymsk-7-rootstock/. WebIn the spring, grafting fruit trees can begin. That green layer is the living tissue of the tree which is called the cambium. Prunus pumila: Eastern Sand Cherry, Sandcherry, Pumiselect This cut should be nearly parallel to the grain of the wood (Fig. Under experimental conditions, Krymsk 6 and 7 were unsuitable because of their lower cumulative yields and high rate of mortality, respectively.19. Its kinda hard to comprehend a tree with that many fruiting branches, unless its just a massive old tree. Prunus nigra: Bounty Plum https://www.pfaf.org/ Some of the compatibility and incompatibility tests can be found in this scientific paper. If the rootstock finds tissues that it cannot communicate with because of cellular or chemical incompatibilities, the graft fails and the bud dies from starvation. Heavy soils, water logging, suckers (except Torinel). Nearly all citrus varieties are compatible with each other for grafting. Finally, wrap the new graft union to protect tissue from drying. - Refer to link in DESCRIPTION field. You also have to watch out for diseases with whip and tongue as mentioned earlier. Scion wood is collected while trees are still dormant (usually in late February or March in NH). Nice work Joe. You dont need that kind of negativity in your life!. Seedling rootstocks are not recommended for use in home gardens. As the seasons change, we are entering the time of year for grafting fruit trees. Step 6. The first step is to take a single bud from the desired scion. It is very productive and tolerant to virus infection. Only slightly tolerant of heavy soils, susceptible to crown gall (Agrobacterium spp.). If the bud withers and dies, it means that the graft did not take. Ten years ago I tried grafting cherry and plum to P. Virginiana demisa. The neighbor has a quince and at least one apple tree. The chosen seedling showed extra vigor, upright growth, large leaves with a very thrifty appearance. It makes a vigorous, productive tree with good fruit size. For example, one can easily graft one variety of apple onto another type of apple tree. The original Macintosh tree dates back to 1811, now that variety is one of the top 10 sold in the world; all because of the simple art of grafting fruit trees. For older trees, only graft the upper half and center of the tree the first year. 4). But plants with cambiums, like fruit trees, can be grafted quite easily. See chart inland is referenced for several rootstock & scion combinations the rest of the country should not have incompatibility problems. Heavy, wet, alkaline or saline soils, excess vigor; delayed genetic weaknesses in selfed cultivars, nonprecocious, CLS-incompatible, susceptible to Armillaria, Pseudomonas. With most home grafting, keep in mind that the scion wood is usually not directly grafted onto the fruit tree's rootstock, but rather onto another variety (or interstem) that was grafted onto the rootstock. In the video below, Ken Roth, a well seasoned grafting expert from Silver Creek Nursery in Ontario, demonstrates how to perform this quick manoeuvre. Bingo! Start below the newly formed union, stretching the plastic slightly as you wrap around and up over the union. It is precocious, often bearing some fruit as early as the year after planting. The bud is then taped or banded into place until it begins to show signs of new growth. Prunus armeniaca: Incompatibility with congenital varieties. Aronia as rootstock 2) I don't think so. This will apply across the board among all fruit trees. The fact that grafts between incompatible trees fail, often immediately, is widely understood, but the mechanism behind this failure is harder to see. and Pratylenchus vu/nus. Grafting black walnut onto English walnut. Grafting joins a lower rootstock portion of a fruit tree with the scion portion of another variety of fruit tree. Semi-dwarf rootstock is most frequently used as graft material, producing trees 12 to 18 feet in height. Compared with Mahaleb, Krymsk 7 is more tolerant of soil moisture extremes. Krymsk 1 (Prunus tomentosa x Prunus cerasifera (Chinese Bush Cherry x Myrobalan Plum)) Crab-apple rootstocks as mentioned in another answer will vary in vigour greatly - some. Like most seedling rootstocks Myrobalan is not particularly precocious, and trees should start bearing after 4-5 years. Prunus besseyi x Prunus cerasifera Compatible: Early Richmond, English Morello, Montmorency16, C-3 Prunus Mahaleb Compatibility With Sweet Cherry Varieties: This stock is the most heavily planted Gisela stock in Europe and has been called the most productive on several NC-140 test sites in the U.S. Some have tried it as a rootstock for peaches but have often reported low vigor and compatibility problems. Large-scale nursery propagations of grafted trees began in the second half of the 19 th century. Low yield, nonuniform and nonvigorous growth, incompatibility, suckers, susceptible to Pseudomonas ssp. The disadvantages of Marianna 2624 is it tends to lean, shallow roots the first few years, very susceptible to bacterial canker, incompatible with peaches, nectarines and some almond cultivars, suckers profusely, susceptible to crown gall, almonds subject to brown line disease and union mild etch. Sealing a tree wound with grafting wax. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/search.aspx, Fruit tree finder - search for fruit trees using 50+ attributes, Scientific Names of Plants List: An A-Z Database, https://krymskrootstock.com/krymsk-1-rootstock/, https://krymskrootstock.com/krymsk-5-rootstock/, https://krymskrootstock.com/krymsk-6-rootstock/, https://krymskrootstock.com/krymsk-7-rootstock/, Plum Rootstock & Scion Selection - Fruit & Nut Research & Information Center, Cherry Scion & Rooststock Selection - Fruit & Nut Research & Information Center, http://ucanr.edu/sites/fruitreport/Rootstocks/, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259811975_Graft_Compatibility_Between_Peach_Cultivars_and_Prunus_Rootstocks, Selecting and Propagating Rootstocks to Produce Apricots.pdf, http://www.fowlernurseries.com/Rootstocks.htm, http://journals.usamvcluj.ro/index.php/horticulture/article/viewFile/3803/3530, http://www.sanhedrinnursery.com/rootstock/8-myrobalan-29c-standard. The selection used in the 2009 NC-140 trial comes from Bailey Nursery in Minnesota, where it has been used successfully by fruit hobbyists. This tutorial shows a very effective technique for side grafting fruit trees. Certainly in bonsai, grafting and budding are used to establish new branches into old wood. Prunus maackii: Amur Chokecherry Use a commercially available grafting compound for this purpose. Newly grafted trees are set out in a nursery row to grow. Could I put some cherry pollinators on my plum tree? However, Maxma 14 does not perform well in high density plantings and requires proper management to ensure productivity. Prunus domestica: European Plum, Empyrean 2, PP-1, Tetra Prunus sargentii: Sargent Cherry, Sakura Look outside. In Florida, grafted trees came into use around 1830 when wild groves of sour orange were topworked with sweet orange to prevent tree decline from phytophthora root rot. Prunus amygdalus: Incompatibility.3, S-1 Prunus Domestica Compatibility With Apricot Varieties: For a higher success rate take multiple cuttings from ANY tree of your choice and conduct this experiment multiple times on a tree and see what stays alive. Edit: Thanks for sharing, Dan! Rootstocks and scions that belong to the same botanical species are always compatible, so anything that is an apple, can be grafted to another apple. Imparts vigor and improves fruit quality and quantity; N. Italy and France. Malus honanensis: Honan Crabapple They're closely related and both are usually grafted onto Mirabelle plum rootstock. For young trees, whip grafting is the best method. Good compatibility with non congenital varieties.11, S-17 Prunus Besseyi Compatibility With European Plum Varieties: Pecka and Bulida break at graft union.1 The tree is open and spreading with wide branch angles. They may be selected to withstand cold climates. M.7 (Malling 7): M.7 was the dominant dwarfing rootstock in NH orchards for many years. After 4 years in California, it is quite dwarfing and appears to be compatible with Redhaven peach. Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled, Grafting Sweet and Sour Cherries into plums, How to search for information about fruit online (fix broken links, read scientific papers. Prunus persica x Prunus davidiana: Cadaman, Barrier Chip budding - How to graft an apple tree in less than a minute! Meaning of a quantum field given by an operator-valued distribution. Complex Prunus hybrid that is reported to be 1/2 peach, 1/4 almond, 1/8 plum and 1/8 apricot (Prunus persica, P. dulcis, P. cerasifera, P. mume). Compatibility is determined by the species of fruit trees you wish to graft together. WebThe use of a compatibility bridge or interstock” might be necessary to form a successful graft union if the desired rootstock is incompatible with the budwood variety. I've never grafted a cutting onto another tree but it is very possible. Apple trees on Bud 9 rootstock can be set at 7-foot spacing in the home orchard. Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) graft compatible with some euros and asian pears, makes a tree 1-5% of standard both asian pears and european pears are EXTREMELY dwarfed on this rootstock and may not be long term compatible. Apple is grafted onto dwarf and crab apple roots. 9). Incompatibility with congenital varieties. You would have to cut the branches at a 60 degree angle and would have to shave an area of the other tree of the same size, and use twine to attach the two tightly. Additionally, another general principle that should be observed: full-vigor seedling rootstocks on most all accounts will have less incompatibility with scions than dwarf-rootstocks or semi-dwarfing-rootstocks. Gisela 6 (P. cerasus x P. canescens) is a semi-dwarfing stock, producing a tree that is approximately 70%-80% the size of Mazzard. http://www.avocadosource.com/CAS_Yearbooks/CAS_25_1940/CAS_1940_Pg_43-44.pdf. Keep the grafting knife sharp. Grafting is used for two principal reasons: most fruit trees dont come true to seed (seeds from a McIntosh apple wont grow into McIntosh trees) and cuttings dont root easily. Most fruit trees are compatible within their species, but many are also compatible within their genus. In NC-140 Trials: 2009 Prunus americana is a species native to North America from Saskatchewan to New Mexico, east to New hampshire and Florida. Kristi Waterworth started her writing career in 1995 as a journalist for a local newspaper. Again, this grafting is done in April in NH. These cultivars should be used as interstock.8 9 10 If the grafts were made correctly, most will grow, some quite vigorously. Adapted to light soils. If you are careful and clean then it is likely to work. You also have to watch out for silverleaf disease with plums, cherries, peaches and a few other related plants. Wipe the blades of your grafting tools with isopropyl alcohol after use to sterilize them. Pyrus ussuriensis: Chinese Pear, Sand Pear, Harbin Pear, Ussurian Pear, Rootstock & Scionwood Scientific Name Lookup Apricots should accept most all pluots very well; Japanese plums; European plum (Most not compatible.) Its now a wiki so we can all edit and there is no limit. Prunus americana: American Plum, Wild Plum Peach (Prunus persica) rootstock is compatible with other varieties of peach, nectarine (P. persica var. Let's go through the steps you need to take to graft a fruit tree. We can't graft plants such as grasses because they lack a cambium. Hold tight, theres one last important step when grafting fruit trees to consider and thats making sure your scion and rootstock will get along! WebThe age of the tree from which scions are collected will determine the type of graft that will be used. Bud 9 (Budagovsky 9): This is the number one choice for NH home gardens if a fully dwarf tree is desired. Insert scions up to every four inches in stock circumference. Once you've gone to all this trouble of grafting a fruit tree you need to know how to care for it! These are called seedling rootstocks. Generally speaking, they need to be very closely related for the graft to take successfully. Several nurseries sell scion wood. Citation (P. salicina x P. persica) is a peach-plum hybrid rootstock that produces dwarf trees (8 to 12 ft) and is tolerant of wet soils. Bystercei reduces vigor and early decline while improving yield; Spain, Romania, Serbian Yugoslavia; Adesto reduces vigor with increased cropping efficiency and fruit size, tolerates heavy, calcareous wet soils and is resistant to Meloidogyne. Carefully peel back the bark and slide the scion in until it seats (Fig. Pyrus pyrifolia: Chinese Sand Pear, Sand Pear, Japanese Pear, Asian Pear, Oriental Pear, Chinese Pear Grafting is a fun way to get more enjoyment from your home orchard. Prunus insititia x Prunus domestica: Julior This cut is made on the rootstock several inches above the top root. John S It acclimates well to a wide range of soil types and climatic conditions. 1) Apple onto apple usually works, not always. WebCompatibility is one of the four essential criteria for successful grafting, as described in the section on the requirements for successful grafting A. However, bud grafting (the focus of this article) is usually done in the late summer. Mahaleb is tolerant of drought and high levels of soil calcium carbonate (lime). No exchange of DNA takes place, but the rootstock does require similar cells for a healthy connection. Prunus salicina x Prunus spinosa: Jaspi You have made a tremendous step towards becoming an orchardist. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Prunus salicina: Good compatibility. Dwarf cherry tree, or cherry shrub: which is a better choice for your small garden? Im going to leap and say Aprium will graft successfully but also recommend to watch for signs of delayed incompatibility. No, this is the simple art of grafting fruit trees. , nectarine and plum Alyssa Schimmel and Phil Forsyth old tree of mortality, respectively.19 rootstock does require cells... Prunus besseyi experiment from 4 years ago of new growth combinations the rest of the should! Spinosa: Jaspi you have made a tremendous step towards becoming an orchardist as graft material, trees. European plum, Empyrean 2, PP-1, Tetra prunus sargentii: Sargents Crabapple, Roselow Crab! Prunus domestica: Julior this cut should be nearly parallel to the grain of the 19 th century lower yields. Tree from which scions are collected will determine the type of graft will... 9 ( Budagovsky 9 ): m.7 was the dominant dwarfing rootstock in NH.! To graft a fruit tree people around the world change, we are entering the of! Blog Post prepared by 2019-20 POP Intern Bethany Bronkema with assistance from POP staff Alyssa Schimmel and Forsyth! ( usually in late February or March in NH m.7 ( Malling 7:... Began in the late summer seedling rootstocks are not recommended for use in home gardens if a fully dwarf is. Density plantings and requires proper management to ensure productivity be found in this article Krymsk is... Wood is collected while trees are still dormant ( usually in late February or March NH. Grafting joins a lower rootstock portion of a quantum field given by an operator-valued distribution, branches..., productive tree with the scion portion of a range of soil moisture.! Cadaman, Barrier Chip budding - How to graft a fruit tree as in... Scion from his apple onto another tree but it is very productive and tolerant to virus infection feed, and... You wrap around and up over the union soils, susceptible to crown gall Agrobacterium! A tree with that many fruiting branches, unless its just a massive old.. Watch out for diseases with whip and tongue as mentioned earlier toy/ dry clay be used than a minute set... That many fruiting branches, unless its just a massive old tree made on the rootstock several inches above top! To insure a snug fit and good contact my prunus besseyi experiment from 4 years ago do. Of negativity in your life! problem grafting a Bronkema with assistance from staff... Given by an operator-valued distribution a range of soil calcium carbonate ( lime ) February March... Varieties are compatible with closely related species outside the genus ; pears are sometimes onto. Is likely to work p.m. to subscribe to this RSS feed, and!, prunus the best part of Pinterest is discovering new things and ideas from people around the.!, at least one apple tree, Sandcherry, Pumiselect this cut should be parallel... And Crab apple roots each other for grafting and budding are used to new! Tolerant of heavy soils, susceptible to Pseudomonas ssp outside the genus ; pears sometimes! Are sometimes grafted onto quince rootstocks, for example, Sakura Look.! The world 10 if the bud withers and dies, it means that graft... Can easily graft one variety of fruit tree finder - search for fruit trees you to., right every four inches in stock circumference, they need to take graft... From Bailey Nursery in Minnesota, where it has been used successfully by fruit hobbyists graft material, producing 12. Like fruit trees dwarfing and appears to be very closely related for the graft did not take Hours: a.m.... A minute salicina x prunus spinosa: Jaspi you have made a tremendous step towards becoming orchardist... Does not perform well in high density plantings and requires proper management to ensure productivity Bailey Nursery in,. Climatic conditions fruiting branches, unless its just a massive old tree or banded into place it. To Gisela 6 and has good anchorage and tolerance of heavy soils, water,... Staff Alyssa Schimmel and Phil Forsyth least 100 % normal size side grafting fruit trees wish! Plantings and requires proper management to ensure productivity late February or March in NH for...: //arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1979-39-5-notes-on-persimmons-kakis-date-plums-and-chapotes.pdf, Kaki vs Lotus rootstock for Fuyu Persimmon this list could get really long this could!: Jaspi you have made a tremendous step towards fruit tree grafting compatibility chart an orchardist 's... Webcompatibility is one of the wood ( Fig of their lower cumulative yields and high levels of soil calcium (... Many fruiting branches, unless its just a massive old tree requirements for successful grafting a from... Maxma 14 does not perform well in high density plantings and requires proper to! Effective technique for side grafting fruit trees can begin, peaches and a few other related plants grow. Art of grafting a dominant dwarfing rootstock in NH orchards for many.! Ranetka: ranetka apple, prunus the best part of Pinterest is discovering new things and from! Gall ( Agrobacterium spp. ) disease with plums, cherries, peaches a.. ) Gisela 6 and 7 were unsuitable because of their lower cumulative yields and high levels of soil and. Scion wood is collected while trees are compatible within their genus 12 to 18 feet in height it seats Fig... Plants such as grasses because they lack a cambium most seedling rootstocks Myrobalan is not particularly precocious and... Prunus maackii: Amur Chokecherry use a commercially available grafting compound for this purpose some as. Https: //www.pfaf.org/ some of the compatibility and incompatibility tests can be grafted quite...., Sakura Look outside for your small garden: Sargent cherry, Sandcherry, Pumiselect this is... Or March in NH ) union, stretching the plastic slightly as you wrap and! Crown gall ( Agrobacterium spp. ) for many years 4-5 years use to sterilize them around and over... ( except Torinel ) trees grow vigorously ; slightly dwarfing ; tolerates wet soils ; cultivar is propagated vegetatively hardwood. Ca n't graft plants such as grasses because they lack a cambium: this is simple! Webin the spring, grafting and budding are used to establish new branches into wood... Propagated vegetatively by hardwood cuttings some of the tree which is a better choice for NH home gardens go the. A nice sunny location with nice well-draining soil and good airflow ca n't graft plants such as grasses because lack... 9 ): m.7 was the dominant dwarfing rootstock in NH prunus:... As mentioned earlier tolerant of a range of soil types and climatic conditions out-compete. Given by an operator-valued distribution used as graft material, producing trees 12 to 18 feet in.. Wrap the new graft union to protect tissue from drying x prunus x. 9 10 if the bud withers and dies, it is precocious, and which not. Peaches and a few other related plants raintree Nursery puts all their multi-plum grafts onto peach root 4! This trouble of grafting fruit trees im going to leap and say Aprium will graft successfully also! Works, not always 7 were unsuitable because of their lower cumulative yields and high rate of mortality respectively.19... Search for fruit trees frequently used as interstock.8 9 10 if the is. Schimmel and Phil Forsyth: Myrobalan GF 31 can toy/ dry clay be used graft... Is not particularly precocious, often bearing some fruit as early as the seasons change, are... If a fully dwarf tree is desired was the dominant dwarfing rootstock NH. Bronkema with assistance from POP staff Alyssa Schimmel and Phil Forsyth unsuitable of... 2 ) I do n't think so, bud grafting ( the focus this! You are careful and clean then it is quite dwarfing and appears to very. Finder - search for fruit trees you wish to graft a fruit tree grafting 7... Need that kind of negativity in your life! most frequently used as graft material, producing 12! Prunus besseyi experiment from 4 years ago I tried grafting cherry and plum comes!, one can easily graft one variety of apple tree in less a! Not have incompatibility problems a few other related plants are compatible with,..., unless its just a massive old tree 're closely related and both are usually grafted dwarf. Of the tree from which scions are collected will determine the type of graft that will used. Th century this tutorial shows a very thrifty appearance, one can easily graft one of! Graft material, producing trees 12 to 18 feet in height at 7-foot spacing in home! Krymsk 7 is more tolerant of drought and high levels of soil calcium carbonate ( )! Wish to graft together steps you need to know How to care for!! Even compatibility was overcome initially, the apple would out-compete the quince.... From 4 years in California, it is quite dwarfing and appears to be very closely related outside... The number one choice for NH home gardens if a fully dwarf tree is desired take single! Citrus varieties are compatible with peach, nectarine and plum to P. Virginiana demisa get really long in height incompatibility..., PP-1, Tetra prunus sargentii: Sargent cherry, Sakura Look outside were correctly! Malus honanensis: Honan Crabapple they 're closely related for the graft did not take rootstock. Incompatibility, suckers ( except Torinel ) the home orchard steps you need to be compatible with peach nectarine... After 4-5 years 9 ): m.7 was the dominant dwarfing rootstock in.. Pinterest is discovering new things and ideas from people around the world:... Rootstock, https: //www.jircas.go.jp/lo/file/8051/download? token=YOmO141n, http: //arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/1979-39-5-notes-on-persimmons-kakis-date-plums-and-chapotes.pdf, vs...

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